A hydraulic gear pump is a core power component in the hydraulic system of agricultural tractors. Its main function is to convert the mechanical energy of the engine into the pressure energy of hydraulic oil, providing a power source for various hydraulic actuators on the tractor. Specifically, its roles in agricultural tractors include the following aspects:
1. Driving the Hydraulic Hitch System
The three-point hitch system of tractors (used to connect implements such as plows, harrows, and seeders) requires hydraulic power to lift, tilt, and position the implements. The hydraulic gear pump supplies high-pressure oil to drive the hydraulic cylinders, thereby controlling the working depth and posture of the implements.
2. Operating the Hydraulic Steering System
Many modern tractors adopt a hydraulic power steering system. The gear pump provides high-pressure oil to the steering gear, reducing the force required for the driver to turn the steering wheel, improving handling ease and work efficiency, especially during low-speed operation or field U-turns.
3. Driving Hydraulic Output Devices
Tractors are usually equipped with 1–3 sets of hydraulic output interfaces (quick-release couplings), which can be connected to various hydraulic implements, such as hydraulic motor-driven mowers, sprayers, loaders, etc. The high-pressure oil provided by the gear pump is distributed to these external actuators through a multi-way valve to realize the power drive of the implements.
4. Controlling the Hydraulic Brake System (on some models)
Some large tractors or crawler tractors adopt a hydraulic brake system. The gear pump provides pressure oil for the brake circuit to ensure reliable and effective braking.
5. Power Source for Auxiliary Systems
Functions such as hydraulically operated differential locks, 4WD switching, and force control or position control of the hitch system all rely on the hydraulic gear pump to provide stable hydraulic power.
The characteristics of hydraulic gear pumps make them particularly suitable for agricultural tractor applications:
- Simple structure, small size, and light weight
- Reliable operation and easy maintenance
- Stable operation over a wide range of speeds and pressures, adapting to changes in tractor engine operating conditions
In conclusion, the hydraulic gear pump is one of the key components for agricultural tractors to realize mechanized operations. It provides power for various hydraulic systems, significantly improving the tractor's work efficiency, handling performance, and versatility.